Active and Passive Voice/ Change of Voice
( Source: S. Chauhan Institute of English:
98135-81301)
Dear students, the sentences we write
or speak are generally in active or in passive voice.
Question: Can we change all active
sentences in passive voice?
Ans.
No, we cannot change all the active sentences in passive voice. This is because
some active sentences do not need objects.
It means the sentences which need objects can
be changed into passive construction.
What are transitive and intransitive
verbs?
If the verb in a sentence needs an object, it is called transitive verb. But the verb that does not need any object is called intransitive verb.
So it is necessary to find out an
object in an active sentence.
How to find out an object in an active
sentence?
(i)
Pick out the main verb from the sentence.
(ii)
Put question
‘what’ or ‘whom’ to it.
(iii)
Answer will be
supplied by the object.
(iv)
If there is only one object in the sentence, it is
called direct object.
(v)
If there are two objects, the one that gives the
answer to ‘whom’ is indirect one.
See
the following examples:
(i) I composed an e-mail to my friend
yesterday.
Main
verb= composed
Question:
Composed what?
Answer:
e-mail.
It is a direct object.
(ii)
I composed an e-mail to her yesterday.
Question: to whom?
Answer: my friend
So ‘my
friend’ is indirect object.
Rules to change active voice in
passive voice:
Active sentence:
I
composed an e-mail to my
friend yesterday.
Passive sentence:
Active Sentences
Subject + verb+ object
1. (a) V-1 with or
without ‘s’ or ‘es’
(b) Do/does+ V-1
1. V-2/did+ V-1
3.
is/am/are+ V- 1(ing)
4.was/were+V-1(ing)
5.has/have+V-3
6. had +V-3
7. will/shall have+V-3
8. Sentences with modal Verbs
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Passive Sentences
Object+
Verb+ bY + subject
1.
Is/am/are + V-3
2. Was/were + V-3
(3) is/am/ are+ being + V-3+by+Sub
(4) was/ were+being+V-3+by+Sub
(5) has/have+ been +V-3+by+Sub
6.had+V-3+been+V-3+by+Sub
7. will/shall have+ been+ by+ Sub
(8) Model. Aux.V+be+V-3- by+ Sub
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B)
Imperative Sentences
Beginning with:
V-1 (a) You are ordered to…
(b) You are advised to…..
(c) You are told to…..
Do not + V-1 = You are advised not
to…..
Please+V-1 You are requested to……
Rules:
(i)
Active
sentences in Present Simple Tense:
First form of verb with or without ‘s’ or ‘es’
/do, does+ v-1 changed in is/am/are+ v-3
( Source: S. Chauhan Study Centre for English
Language: 98135-81301)
Active Sentence
1. I like
sweets.
2. She always helps the needy students.
3. I do not tell a lie.
4. Do you play cricket?
5. Why do you not obey your elders?
6. Who teaches you Maths.?
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Passive Sentence
1. Sweets are liked by me
2.
The
needy students are always helped by her.
3. A lie is not told my me.
4. Is cricket played by you?
5. Why are your elders not obeyed by you?
6. By whom are you taught Maths.?
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